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1 establish
establish [ɪsˈtæblɪ∫]a. [+ factory, relations, sb's reputation] établir ; [+ government, society, tribunal] constituer ; [+ state, business] fonder ; [+ laws, custom] instaurer ; [+ post] créer ; [+ power, authority] asseoir ; [+ peace, order] faire régnerb. ( = prove) établir* * *[ɪ'stæblɪʃ] 1.transitive verb gen établir; déterminer [cause]; fonder [company]to establish that/whether — montrer que/si
2.to establish a reputation for oneself as — se faire connaître en tant que [singer, actor]
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2 establish
1. transitive verb1) (set up, create, found) schaffen [Einrichtung, Präzedenzfall, Ministerposten]; gründen [Organisation, Institut]; errichten [Geschäft, Lehrstuhl, System]; einsetzen, bilden [Regierung, Ausschuss]; herstellen [Kontakt, Beziehungen] ( with zu); aufstellen [Rekord]; ins Leben rufen, begründen [Bewegung]establish one's authority — sich (Dat.) Autorität verschaffen
2) (secure acceptance for) etablierenestablish one's reputation — sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen
3) (prove) beweisen [Schuld, Unschuld, Tatsache]; unter Beweis stellen [Können]; nachweisen [Anspruch]4) (discover) feststellen; ermitteln [Umstände, Aufenthaltsort]2. reflexive verbestablish oneself [at or in a place] — sich [an einem Ort] niederlassen
* * *[i'stæbliʃ]1) (to settle firmly in a position (eg a job, business etc): He established himself (in business) as a jeweller.) sich niederlassen2) (to found; to set up (eg a university, a business): How long has the firm been established?) gründen3) (to show to be true; to prove: The police established that he was guilty.) feststellen•- academic.ru/25046/established">established- establishment
- the Establishment* * *es·tab·lish[ɪˈstæblɪʃ, esˈ-]I. vt1. (found, set up)▪ to \establish sth etw gründento \establish an account ein Konto eröffnento \establish a beachhead einen Brückenkopf errichtento \establish a commission eine Kommission bildento \establish a dictatorship eine Diktatur errichtento \establish a home/a household ein Heim/einen Haushalt gründento \establish a hospital ein Krankenhaus errichtento \establish a rule/theory eine Regel/Theorie aufstellen2. (begin)▪ to \establish sth etw einführento \establish contact with sb mit jdm Kontakt [o Fühlung] aufnehmento \establish relations Verbindungen herstellento \establish a relationship with sb eine Beziehung zu jdm aufbauento \establish the rule of law Recht und Ordnung herstellento \establish ties Kontakte knüpfen3. (set)▪ to \establish sth etw schaffen [o herstellen]we have \established parity with wages in other companies wir haben im Lohnniveau mit anderen Firmen gleichgezogento \establish a criterion ein Kriterium festlegento \establish a norm eine Norm definierento \establish a policy eine politische Linie einschlagento \establish a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffento \establish priorities Prioritäten setzento \establish a quota eine Quote festlegento \establish a standard/terminology einen Maßstab/eine Terminologie festlegento \establish a world record einen Weltrekord aufstellen4. (secure, make firm)▪ to \establish sth etw durchsetzento \establish a monopoly ein Monopol errichtento \establish order für Ordnung sorgento \establish one's rights seine Rechte geltend machen5. (demonstrate)▪ to \establish sth etw zeigen [o demonstrieren]to \establish one's superiority to sb/sth sich akk jdm/etw gegenüber als überlegen erweisen▪ to \establish sb/oneself as sth:her latest book has \established her as one of our leading novelists ihr jüngstes Buch zeigt, dass sie eine unserer führenden Romanautorinnen isthe's \established himself as a dependable source of information er hat sich als verlässliche Informationsquelle erwiesen6. (prove)▪ to \establish sth etw nachweisenwe've \established that... wir haben festgestellt, dass...to \establish a claim einen Anspruch nachweisento \establish the constitutionality of a law die Verfassungsmäßigkeit eines Gesetzes feststellento \establish the facts den Sachverhalt klärento \establish the truth die Wahrheit herausfindento \establish where/whether... feststellen, wo/ob...▪ to \establish that... herausfinden, dass...7. (declare)II. vi gedeihen, aufblühen* * *[I'stblɪʃ]1. vt1) (= found, set up) gründen; government bilden; laws geben, schaffen; custom, new procedure einführen; relations herstellen, aufnehmen; links anknüpfen; post einrichten, schaffen; power, authority sich (dat) verschaffen; peace stiften; order (wieder) herstellen; list (in publishing) aufstellen, zusammenstellen; reputation sich (dat) verschaffen; precedent setzen; committee einsetzenonce he had established his power as Emperor — als er seine Macht als Kaiser begründet hatte
his father established him in business — sein Vater ermöglichte ihm den Start ins Geschäftsleben
to establish one's reputation as a scholar/writer — sich (dat) einen Namen als Wissenschaftler(in)/Schriftsteller(in) machen
we have established that... — wir haben bewiesen or gezeigt, dass...
3) (= determine) identity, facts ermitteln, feststellen4) (= gain acceptance for) product, theory, ideas Anklang or Anerkennung finden für; one's rights Anerkennung finden fürif we can establish our product on the market — wenn wir unser Produkt auf dem Markt etablieren können
2. vr(in business, profession) sich etablieren, sich niederlassenhe seems to have established himself as an expert — er scheint sich (dat) einen Ruf als Experte verschafft zu haben
* * *establish [ıˈstæblıʃ] v/t1. festsetzen, einrichten, errichten, etablieren:establish an account ein Konto eröffnen;establish a law ein Gesetz einführen oder erlassen;establish a republic eine Republik gründen;establish a theory eine Theorie aufstellen2. a) jemanden einsetzen, ernennenb) einen Ausschuss etc bilden, einsetzen, schaffend) seinen Wohnsitz begründen3. establish o.s. WIRTSCH sich etablieren, sich niederlassen (beide a. beruflich), engS. ein Geschäft eröffnen4. fig jemandes Ruhm, Rechte etc begründen:establish one’s reputation as a surgeon sich als Chirurg einen Namen machen5. eine Ansicht, Forderung etc durchsetzen, Geltung verschaffen (dat)establish contact with sb mit jemandem Fühlung aufnehmen7. einen Rekord aufstellen8. be-, erweisen, (einwandfrei) nachweisen;establish the fact that … die Tatsache beweisen, dass …* * *1. transitive verb1) (set up, create, found) schaffen [Einrichtung, Präzedenzfall, Ministerposten]; gründen [Organisation, Institut]; errichten [Geschäft, Lehrstuhl, System]; einsetzen, bilden [Regierung, Ausschuss]; herstellen [Kontakt, Beziehungen] ( with zu); aufstellen [Rekord]; ins Leben rufen, begründen [Bewegung]establish one's authority — sich (Dat.) Autorität verschaffen
2) (secure acceptance for) etablierenestablish one's reputation — sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen
3) (prove) beweisen [Schuld, Unschuld, Tatsache]; unter Beweis stellen [Können]; nachweisen [Anspruch]4) (discover) feststellen; ermitteln [Umstände, Aufenthaltsort]2. reflexive verbestablish oneself [at or in a place] — sich [an einem Ort] niederlassen
* * *(frame) a rule expr.eine Regel aufstellen ausdr. v.aufbauen v.aufstellen v.begründen v.einrichten v.etablieren v.festsetzen v.gründen v. -
3 EST
кратенка од Eastern Standard Time establish v.t. 1. формира, создава, втемелува, основа (организација/здружение)2. утврдува (факти/вистина/верување/природа)3. докажува (невиност): It has been established that he was out of town at the time of the crime Беше утврдено дека во време на злосторството тој бил надвор од градот4. воспоставува (a relationship with sb односи со некого)5. признава, воведува (религија).; 6. establish a link/connection between открива врска меѓу; доведува нешто во врска со.; 7. establish oneself as/in sth се докажува во/како; создава име/репутација во/како; establish one's reputation as a scholar/writer создава име/репутација како научник/писател; пишувана кратенка од established; estimated -
4 Rankine, William John Macquorn
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 July 1820 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 1872[br][br]Rankine was educated at Ayr Academy and Glasgow High School, although he appears to have learned much of his basic mathematics and physics through private study. He attended Edinburgh University and then assisted his father, who was acting as Superintendent of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. This introduction to engineering practice was followed in 1838 by his appointment as a pupil to Sir John MacNeill, and for the next four years he served under MacNeill on his Irish railway projects. While still in his early twenties, Rankine presented pioneering papers on metal fatigue and other subjects to the Institution of Civil Engineers, for which he won a prize, but he appears to have resigned from the Civils in 1857 after an argument because the Institution would not transfer his Associate Membership into full Membership. From 1844 to 1848 Rankine worked on various projects for the Caledonian Railway Company, but his interests were becoming increasingly theoretical and a series of distinguished papers for learned societies established his reputation as a leading scholar in the new science of thermodynamics. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853. At the same time, he remained intimately involved with practical questions of applied science, in shipbuilding, marine engineering and electric telegraphy, becoming associated with the influential coterie of fellow Scots such as the Thomson brothers, Napier, Elder, and Lewis Gordon. Gordon was then the head of a large and successful engineering practice, but he was also Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, and when he retired from the Chair to pursue his business interests, Rankine, who had become his Assistant, was appointed in his place.From 1855 until his premature death in 1872, Rankine built up an impressive engineering department, providing a firm theoretical basis with a series of text books that he wrote himself and most of which remained in print for many decades. Despite his quarrel with the Institution of Civil Engineers, Rankine took a keen interest in the institutional development of the engineering profession, becoming the first President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, which he helped to establish in 1857. Rankine campaigned vigorously for the recognition of engineering studies as a full university degree at Glasgow, and he achieved this in 1872, the year of his death. Rankine was one of the handful of mid-nineteenth century engineers who virtually created engineering as an academic discipline.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1853. First President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 1857.Bibliography1858, Manual of Applied Mechanics.1859, Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers.1862, Manual of Civil Engineering.1869, Manual of Machinery and Millwork.Further ReadingJ.Small, 1957, "The institution's first president", Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland: 687–97.H.B.Sutherland, 1972, Rankine. His Life and Times.ABBiographical history of technology > Rankine, William John Macquorn
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